What is secular humanism; when did it begin, and what is its opposite?

Secular humanism is a philosophical worldview that emphasizes human reason, ethics, and individualism while rejecting supernatural or religious beliefs as the basis for morality and decision-making. It is a non-theistic approach to life that focuses on the well-being and flourishing of human beings in the here and now.

The origins of secular humanism can be traced back to the Renaissance and the Enlightenment period, although the term "secular humanism" itself gained popularity in the mid-20th century. The Renaissance, which began in the 14th century, marked a period of renewed interest in human values, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge. The Enlightenment, which emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, further emphasized reason, science, and the importance of human progress.

The opposite of secular humanism can be understood in different ways depending on the context. In terms of religious belief systems, the opposite of secular humanism would be a theistic worldview that places emphasis on the divine and religious authority as the source of meaning and morality. This could include various forms of religious fundamentalism or dogmatism.

From a broader philosophical perspective, opposing worldviews to secular humanism could include various forms of nihilism, which reject the existence of inherent meaning or value in the universe, or authoritarian ideologies that prioritize collective goals or institutions over individual freedoms and autonomy.

It's important to note that these categorizations are not rigid and that there are numerous shades of belief systems that exist between these polar opposites.

ChatGPT